What is Type 2 diabetes? Adult diabetes is a type 2 diabetes that occurs when the insulin secretion is not enough. Type 2 diabetes is caused by decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Depending on the degree of involvement of these two factors, insulin secretion is dominant diabetes and insulin resistance is divided into predominant diabetes. In addition, all forms of impaired glucose tolerance (intermediate between diabetic and normal) that occur during pregnancy or during pregnancy are referred to as gestational diabetes. Blood glucose levels between normal and diabetes are called borderline diabetes. Because insulin is mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes is a basic metabolic disorder, and because of this, all the nutrient metabolism in the body is affected, it is also a total metabolic disease.
When we consume carbohydrates, it turns into glucose (blood sugar) in the body and becomes dissolved in the blood. When the amount of carbohydrate is increased, it is converted to glycogen and stored in muscles and liver. When you eat carbohydrates, your blood sugar rises accordingly, and in order to lower it, insulin is secreted from the pancreas and converted from glucose to glycogen. In the case of diabetes, because insulin is not secreted enough, blood sugar levels increase in the body and high blood sugar can lead to various complications.
Introduction of insulin Insulin, a hormone secreted by the Langerhans islet β cells of the pancreas, moves glucose into the cell and stores it in the form of glycogen, keeping the blood sugar constant. In addition to controlling blood sugar, it also helps in the oxidation of fatty acids and fatty acid conversion.
Causes of Type 2 diabetes (adult diabetes) Insulin is not secreted enough to increase the blood sugar level is the cause of type 2 diabetes, western eating habit is common, high calorie, high fat content of food intake, lack of exercise, such as environmental impacts. In addition to these environmental factors, diabetes can be caused by genetic factors or destruction of the beta cells of the Langerhans islet.
Type 2 diabetes (adult diabetes) gene Diabetes is a genetically strong disease, as it is known to occur in people born with diabetes. Pregnancy diabetes is also linked to heredity. If you have non-insulin-dependent diabetes on either side of your parents, your child will have a 10 to 15 percent chance of developing diabetes, and if both parents are diabetic, about 30 percent will have diabetes. There are dozens of genes related to diabetes, and you can see diabetes-related information by identifying the mutations of the genes related to diabetes FABP2 and IRS-1.
Dielectric elements: rs7903146, rs1801282, rs5219, rs4402960, rs1111875, rs4712523, rs13266634, rs10012946, rs2383208
Symptoms of Type 2 diabetes
Early symptoms of diabetes include increased urine, thirst, and weight loss. Clinical symptoms include low blood sugar, insulin secretion, high blood sugar, excretion of sugar into the urine, hyperglycemia, deficiency of glucose tolerance test, and incompetence. More complicated than diabetes mellitus complication is the persistence of blood vessels in the accumulation of blood sugar is likely to cause vascular complications. If an abnormality occurs in the blood vessels around the eyes, blindness can occur and the risk of kidney failure, arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease is greatly increased.
Many type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea is caused by insulin resistance, which causes insulin secretion in the pancreas at an early stage. However, when the pancreas is limited in its ability, the diagnosis is delayed because of symptoms. Usually this period is known to be more than 5 years, so complications should be examined at the time of diagnosis of diabetes, so complications should be examined.Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes (adult diabetes) Diagnosis is based on venous blood plasma glucose concentration. If the plasma glucose level is above 126 mg / dL, the diabetes mellitus is diagnosed on a fasting basis (usually fasting for 8 to 12 hours before testing) on two different days. Normally, the normal plasma glucose concentration is usually 100 mg / dL (sometimes referred to as 110 mg / dL), and between 100 and 125 mg / dL is called borderline diabetes. In the case of borderline diabetes, it is known to progress to diabetes by 25-30%, so you should measure your blood sugar frequently to determine if you are progressing to diabetes early.
A common portable blood glucose meter is to measure peripheral blood, so blood glucose is measured lower than that of venous blood plasma glucose. Therefore, if your blood glucose level is measured as more than 110 mg / dL by a portable blood glucose meter, it is recommended that you get accurate diagnosis at the hospital.
Type 2 diabetes (adult diabetes) incidence rate As I mentioned earlier, if one of your parents has diabetes, your child's chances of developing diabetes increase. In addition, smoking cigarettes can increase your risk of diabetes by increasing your weight, so be careful, drinking coffee and tea to reduce the risk of diabetes by 18 to 36% is a study.
Treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes (adult diabetes)
Diabetes is most important to keep blood sugar constant and should be adjusted below 130/80 mmHg for hypertensive patients. Basically, you can control your blood sugar by managing lifestyle such as exercise and diet. If exercise and diet do not lower blood glucose levels, you need supplementary therapies such as hypoglycemia or insulin injections. In the case of hypoglycemic agents, the blood glucose level may increase again when you stop taking it. You should take it immediately before or after the meal to prevent the blood sugar from rising. Mothers who are breastfeeding, pregnant women, people with liver or kidney problems should avoid taking medication. It is also recommended that patients be informed of their medication as blood glucose lowering drugs may have different effects when taken with other medications. You may also get artificial pancreas or pancreas transplants. During treatment, early complications should be identified and treated through retinal complications, cardiac complications, and cholesterol testing.
Regular exercise and healthy eating habits are good means of preventing diabetes. As diabetes is closely related to obesity, it is important to maintain proper weight for these lifestyle habits.Type 2 diabetes good food, nutrients People with diabetes should be careful not to overdose old vegetables such as pumpkin, bellflower, fennel, radish, and lotus root, which are high in carbohydrates, and vegetables rich in fiber are good. Drinking is good and diabetes is known to be good for many nutrients, but rather than the nutrients needed for food intake is recommended.
Type 2 diabetes (adult diabetes) related research group, patient group
Korean Diabetes Association
Nursing Education for Diabetes
Korean Diabetes Association
(English / Spanish / French) International Diabetes Federation (IDF)
(Arabic / Chinese / English / Spanish / ...) World Health Organization (WHO) Diabetes Program
(English / Spanish / French) World Diabetes Day
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